A Revision of the Ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands

Cairns, Stephen D. A Revision of the Ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 504, 44 pages, 12 plates, 4 tables, 1 map, 1991.—The ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos islands are revised based primarily on the collections of the 1986 expedition of the Johnson-Sea-Link I research submersible. A historical review of the previous work on ahermatypic Scleractinia from the Galapagos and Cocos islands is given. Forty-two ahermatypic species from the Galapagos and 12 ahermatypic species from Cocos Island, including nine and five new records, respectively, are described and illustrated—because of overlap in distribution, a total of 44 species. One genus, Pseudocyathoceras, and nine species are described as new: Cladocora pacifica, Oculina profunda, Caryophyllia perculta, C. solida, Concentrotheca vaughani, Crispatotrochus galapagensis, Anomocora carinata, Polymyces wellsi, and Dendrophyllia johnsoni. Crispatotrochus Tenison Woods, 1878, is resurrected and designated the senior synonym of Cyathoceras Moseley, 1881. In order to facilitate comparisons within the subgenus Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia), the 56 Recent species and subspecies are tabulated based on the nature of their base, septal symmetry, number of septa, and their distribution. The four species of Galapagan Tubastraea are also compared in a tabular key. The zoogeographic affinities of both the Galapagan and Cocos Island ahermatypic Scleractinia are found to be consistent with other groups of marine invertebrates. The Galapagan fauna has a 41% endemic component, 21% Panamanian, 19% Indo-Pacific, 14% cosmopolitan, and 5% West Indian. The West Indian affinity is strengthened by the suggestion of two geminate species pairs: Cladocora pacifica-C. debilis and Oculina profunda-O. varicosa. The Cocos ahermatypic fauna has smaller endemic and larger Panamanian components, 17% and 33% respectively, the remaining species equally allied between the Indo-Pacific region and cosmopolitan species. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Catak>ging-in-Publication Data Cairns, Stephen. A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands / Stephen D. Cairns p. cm.—(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 504) Includes bibliographical references. SupL ofDocs.no.: SI 1.27:504 1. Scleractinia—Galapagos Islands—Classification. 2. Scleractinia—Galapagos Islands—Classification. 3. Scleractinia—Cocos (Keeling) Islands—Classification. 4. Scleractinia—Galapagos Islands—Geographic distribution. I. Title. II. Title: Ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. III. Series. Q11.S54 no. 504 [QL377.C7] 591 s-dc20 91-1983 [593.6] CIP @ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984.